HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUSES (HSV)

Genital herpes is caused by infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of HSV, HSV-1 and HSV-2, both of which belong to a wider group called Herpesviridae. Another well-known virus in this group is varicella zoster virus, which causes chicken-pox and shingles.

In general :
HSV-1 is acquired orally, causing cold sores.
HSV-2 is acquired during sexual contact and affects the genital area.

Although genital herpes used to almost always be caused by HSV-2 infection, HSV-1 is accounting for an increasing number of cases of genital herpes in developed countries.

GENITAL HERPES SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

Only around 10-25 percent of people infected with HSV-2 are aware they have genital herpes. This is because genital herpes will often produce mild symptoms or no symptoms at all (asymptomatic infection). As a result, many cases of genital herpes go undiagnosed and frequently people unknowingly pass the virus on to their sexual partners.

If symptoms do occur, they will usually appear 2 to 7 days after exposure and last 2 to 4 weeks. Both men and women may have one or more symptoms, including:

Itching or tingling sensations in the genital or anal area
Small fluid-filled blisters that burst leaving small painful sores
Pain when passing urine over the open sores (especially in women)
Headaches
Backache
Flu-like symptoms, including swollen glands or fever.

HOW IS GENITAL HERPES PASSED ON?

Genital herpes is passed on through skin contact with a person infected with the virus, most frequently during sex. The virus affects the areas where it enters the body. This can occur during:

Vaginal sex
Anal sex
Oral sex (HSV-1 or HSV-2)
Kissing (HSV-1 only)

WHERE TO GO FOR HELP?

If you have any symptoms or you are worried you may have been infected with an STD, you should discuss your worries with a doctor. They may be able to run tests or offer you treatment themselves, or else will refer you to someone who can.

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